05 JUNE 2025 - Daily Current Affairs Updates

🧭 GS 1 – History, Geography & Art and Culture

Mount Etna Eruption – Strombolian Activity in Sicily Topic: Geomorphology & Volcanology
Europe’s largest active volcano; recent eruption expelled dense ash and gas, displaying a classic Strombolian eruption (moderate explosions at intervals).
Contains 5 summit craters and over 300 flank vents.
UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2013; eruptive history goes back 500,000 years.
Use Case: Add to case studies for plate tectonics, volcanic landforms, or natural heritage.
Raigad Fort – Discovery of ‘Yantraraj’ (Astrolabe) Topic: Medieval Architecture & Maratha Legacy
Once the capital of the Maratha Empire (1674), Raigad Fort was Shivaji Maharaj’s strategic and symbolic bastion.
Fort layout maximized natural defenses; dubbed “Gibraltar of the East.”
Recent ASI discovery of a yantraraj (astronomical instrument) enriches its scientific and cultural legacy.
Use Case: Link with medieval scientific traditions, Maratha administration, or military architecture.

🧭 GS 2 – International Relations & Governance

MERCOSUR – India-Paraguay Trade Expansion Topic: South-South Cooperation & Economic Groupings
MERCOSUR: Latin America’s leading trade bloc; India signed a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) in 2004.
Founding members: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay; Bolivia pending full membership.
India seeks to diversify beyond EU/ASEAN by strengthening ties with Latin America.
Use Case: Map-based Prelims Q; Mains IR essay booster (“India and Global South: A New Developmental Axis”).
SPMEPCI Scheme – Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Boost Topic: Industrial Policy & Climate Goals
Allows import of limited e-4Ws (costing $35,000+) at 15% duty for 5 years to attract global players like Tesla.
₹6,484 crore cap on duty concession; requires equivalent domestic investment.
Supports Make in India + Net Zero 2070 vision; balances market liberalization with indigenous capacity-building.
Use Case: Showcase in climate-tech + green manufacturing answers.

🧭 GS 3 – Science & Tech, Environment, Economy, Defence

Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs) – Rare Genetic Conditions Topic: Healthcare, Genetics & Ethics
Caused by defective lysosomal enzymes → toxic buildup in cells.
Example: Gaucher, Pompe, Fabry diseases. Most follow autosomal recessive inheritance.
High infant mortality; treatment options limited, often expensive.
Use Case: Link with rare diseases policy, genetic counseling infrastructure, or bioethics in public health.
First-Person View (FPV) Drones – Ukraine-Russia Conflict Topic: Emerging Military Tech
Operated via goggles/phone screens with real-time camera feed; independent of GPS.
SmartPilot + LiDAR enables advanced obstacle navigation and strike precision.
Also used in civilian fields (filmmaking, disaster response).
Use Case: Illustrates shift from heavy drones to agile tactical units in modern asymmetric warfare.
BharatGen – India’s Indigenous Multilingual AI LLM Topic: AI, Linguistic Inclusion & DPI
Developed under DST’s NM-ICPS; supports 22 Indian languages.
Trained on Indian datasets; multimodal (text, speech, image).
Supports healthcare, education, governance, and agri-tech in regional contexts.
Use Case: Strong example for data sovereignty, AI ethics, or language-tech convergence.

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