Today’s Current Affairs Update: “ProxyGyan IAS Express”
Date: 10 July 2024.
1. Chandravalli Cave
2. Order of Saint Andrew
3. Project PARI (Public Art of India)
4. Graphene
5. Mitochondrial Disease
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Chandravlli Cave:
• News: The remains of ancient dynasties illuminate the dark interiors of the Chandravalli cave complex in Chitradurga district, Karnataka.
• Location:
• It is located in Chitradurga district of Karnataka.
• It is also known as the Ankali Math, named after a saint from Ankalagi in Belagavi district who is believed to have settled here.
• Features:
•. It is a pre-historic site which is semilunar in shape.
o. The cave complex has several chambers, including a puja place with a shivlinga, a drawing room, a bedroom, and a water outlet that connects to an internal tank.
o. There is a rock inscription of King Mayurasharma, the founder of the first Kannada dynasty, the Kadambas, dating back to 450 CE.
• A rock inscription can be found in the Bhairaweshwara temple at Chandravalli. Stone carvings indicate both Hindu and Buddhist influences.
• Excavations have revealed coins, painted bowls, and earthen pots dating back to various dynasties such as the Hoysala, the Satavahana, and the Vijayanagara.
2. Order of Saint Andrew: State Honour to PM Modi
• News: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been awarded the Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle, during his visit to Russia.
• Definition:
• The Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle is Russia's highest civilian honour.
• Establishment:
• It was established in 1698 by Tsar Peter the Great in honor of Saint Andrew, the first apostle of Jesus and patron saint of Russia.
• It was bestowed in a single class and was only awarded for the most outstanding civilian or military merit.
• Criteria and Recipients:
• The award is given to prominent government figures, military leaders, and outstanding representatives of science, culture, and art for exceptional services to Russia.
• It is awarded to heads of foreign states for outstanding services to the Russian Federation
o. Prime Minister Narendra Modi was honored with this award, highlighting the deep foundation of friendship between India and Russia.
3. Project PARI:
• News: Ministry of Culture has initiated Project PARI for 46th World Heritage Committee Meeting.
• More on News: The 46 Session of the World Heritage Committee Meeting is being held in New Delhi from 21st-31st July 2024.
• Overview:
• It is an initiative by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
• It is being executed by Lalit Kala Akademi and the National Gallery of Modern Art.
4. Graphene:
• News: It has been in the news.
• Definition:
• Graphene is a single layer (monolayer) of carbon atoms, tightly bound in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice.
• Properties:
o. Graphene is an allotrope of carbon, along with diamond and graphite.
• It is a two-dimensional material.
• Graphene is the world's thinnest material.
• It is stronger than diamond, more conductive than silver, more elastic than rubber, and lighter than aluminum.
o. It is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. It conducts electricity better than copper.
• It is almost transparent, as it absorbs only 2% of light.
• It is impermeable to gases, even those as light as hydrogen and helium.
5. Mitochondrial Diseases:
• News: Researchers find weaker immune response to viral infections in children with mitochondrial disorders.
• Mitochondria:
• A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.
• Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell
• The job of mitochondria is to process oxygen and convert substances from the foods you eat into energy.
• Mitochondria exist in nearly every cell in the human body.
• Mitochondria produce 90% of the energy our bodies need to function.
• Mitochondrial Disease:
• A group of diseases that affect mitochondria's capacity to produce the energy organs need to function properly is known as mitochondrial disease (or Mito).
o. Any organ can be affected, but the heart, brain, and muscles are more frequently impacted due to their high energy requirements.
• Types of Mitochondrial Disease:
• Nuclear DNA Fault: Caused by faulty genes in the nuclear DNA, which is inherited from both parents.
• Mitochondrial DNA Fault: Caused by faulty genes in the mitochondrial DNA, which is inherited only from the mother.
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